 
        Experiments were conducted to evaluate the single effect of soybean competition and its combined effect with a glyphosate field dose (1,080 g a.e. ha-1) on the growth and fitness of plants carrying glyphosate resistance endowing target site mutations.
 
        Amplification of the EPSPS gene has been previously identified as the glyphosate resistance mechanism in many populations of Amaranthus palmeri, a major weed pest in US agriculture. Here, we evaluate the effects of EPSPS gene amplification on both the level of glyphosate resistance and fitness cost of resistance.