We report here the first case of field resistance to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides in R. raphanistrum (wild radish), caused by 12 years of continuous reliance on that mode of action.
For the first time, resistance levels to stand-alone herbicides and binary mixtures are geographically ranked across the Australian continent by benchmark statistical analysis of resistance frequencies and distribution. The extension of these results will raise awareness of rapidly emerging patterns of herbicide resistance, encouraging the adoption of cost-effective modes of action and integration of diverse strategies for weed resistance management.